Mrs Troy S.S. "quest"
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- Saratoga
- Generals: british-Burgoyne Americans-benedict arnold and gates. location: saratoga NY on Hudson river. Precipitating Events: British gov planned to isolate new england. Outcome: Americans won- Burgoyne surrendered, there were too many troops. Significance: france decide to ally themselves w/ americans-more troops, navy. spain and netherlands join as well.
- Yorktown
- Generals: Americans-Washington French-Rochambeau and Lafayette British- Cornwallis. Location: yorktown penninsula VA 1781. Precipitating Events: the British lost to the carolinas so they marched to VA and seized yorktown. cornwallis was ordered to take his troops to NY but ignored order and went to VA. Outcome: the british lost to the french and the americans; british surrender. "the world turned upside down" was played after they surrendered. Significance: the defeat of the british to the french and the americans led to the treaty of paris declaring the independence of the American states. last big battle in the American Revolution.
- Treaty of Paris 1783
- Franklin, j. adams, jay, laurens; u.s. was recognized as an independent nation (atlantic to miss. river, great lakes to florida), florida was returned to spain, americans would pay loyalists for lost property (ignored)
- Benedict Arnold
- started as a patriot turned against them after Saratoga. became a spy. eventually became a british general. felt he deserved more credit; never captured, moved to london, never trusted again. famous for decoding and ciphering massages.
- Valley Forge
- winter 1777-1778; troops suffered, no supplies no food. got through it w/ the help of their wives (they knitted scarves, gloves, etc...for them)
- Nathan Hale
- "I only regret that I have but 1 life to lose for my country"; patriot; captured & killed by british for passing messages in his shoes to Washington.
- why the americans won
- geography (knew the land, short distance to travel) foreign help (france, spain, netherlands) patriotism (passion/reason for fighting) George Washington (great, strong leader)
- Washingtons farewell
- december 1793, fraunces tavern in NYC, cheered on along the way home to VA, set the stage for future leadership.
- Espionage
- The spy and intelligence system-decode/cipher, invisible ink (used acid or fire to view ink; wrote secret messages between the lines) and mask letters (need the mask to make sense of letter; letter has to make sense on its own)
- Trenton
- Generals: Americans-Washington British-Rahl and Cornwallis. Location: trenton NJ on Delaware river 12/26/1776 Precipitating Events: Americans driven out of NY forced to retreat to delaware river, decided to fight British so they could return to NY. Outcome: colonial troops won w/ very few casualties; attacked the hessians. Significance: got to go back to NY, gave the colonists hope that they could defeat the British (morale boost)
- post-war issues
- colonies will face a debt, colonies will need to balance state governments w/ federal government (national)---don't want to give up too much power. states write own constitutions similar to earlier governments. establish the articles of confederation.
- Bunker Hill
- Generals: British-General Howe Americans-General Israel Putnum ("Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes") and General William Prescott. Location: Charleston penninsula on the north side of the Boston Harbor. June 16, 1775. Precipitating Events: continental army blockaded the british in boston; general gage wanted to seize the charleston penninsula; lexington and concord. Outcome: pyric victory for the british; 1,000 british troops died and only 400 american troops died but in the end the british still had more troops. Significance: first action for continental army; had to work hard to get into shape; british learned it would be hard to defeat the Americans.